Influence of preparation method on the structural, linear, and nonlinear optical properties of TiN nanoparticles

In this paper, titanium nitride nanoparticles were prepared in three methods; the first method, by ball milling method; second and third methods, synthesized sol–gel co-precipitation methods. The samples characterized X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), UV–Vis Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), for study of structural, chemical composition, linear optical properties, respectively. Moreover, using surface morphology was investigated. XRD results showed effect calcination ammonia atmosphere at 1000 °C, obtaining pure TiN structure. However, because oxidation ambient atmosphere, oxide phase created, which found EDS led to creation $${\text {TiN}}_{1-x}{\text {{O}}}_{x}$$ alloy with two bandgap energy. nonlinear properties studied via Z-scan technique. behavior as a function input pump power concentration nanoparticles. shifts from inverse saturation absorption increase intensity. Overall, that give new potentials applications.